Of Bit Depths, Banding and Normal Maps. Skewmesh tutorial for Max and Xnormal by PeterK to prevent heavy distortions when baking with a cage, without the need to add extra supporting vertices. Skew you buddy! Making sense of skewed normal map details. Understanding averaged normals and ray projection/Who put waviness in my normal map?. Elements can be tagged by some baking tools, so specific low-poly elements will only bake related high-poly elements, this avoids exploding (3ds Max can use Material IDs, etc.). Tools are also available, see Explode script needed (for baking purposes). VRAY NORMAL MAP SOFTWARE
If the modeling software has animation, you can keyframe the explode to easily reverse it after baking. After the bake, move the pieces back together. Use the same separation for the highpoly model and the lowpoly model. To "explode" means to separate the non-welded surfaces, mesh elements, Zbrush subtools, etc. Interpenetrating or close-together parts can cause baking artifacts, because neighboring surfaces will capture parts of each other, see Texture Baking#Solving Intersections. Create an inflated copy of the low-resolution model, which encompasses the high-resolution model. Future Xoliulshader support = why Xoliulshader doesn't work properly in 3ds Max 2013/2014. Official handplane support thread - Now freeware!!. Normal Map Bake Off: Xnormal vs 3Dsmax vs Substance Designer Bakes. For using mirrored UVs, see JedTheKrampus on offsetting Mirrored UVs, Texture Baking#UV Coordinates. Duplicate any model parts which reuse the same UV this ensures perfect UV overlap. If creating symmetrical parts, mirror the model. Triangulate before mirroring, to prevent shading errors. See Texture Baking#Triangulation, and Polygon Count#Polygons Vs. Maya: Maya MEL Script help needed (UV border edges) converts hard edges into UV islands. UV borders to hard edges creates the correct hard edges, even on seams within shells. 3ds Max: Flatten by Smoothing Group converts smoothing groups into UV islands. Making sense of hard edges, uvs, normal maps and vertex counts, and Earthquake on separating smoothing groups in the UV. For tangent-space normal mapping, split the UVs for every hard edge (where vertex normals are split, or different smoothing groups are used, same thing). Create good Texture Coordinates for your low-poly model. Good topology for animation: Topology#Principles_of_Topology. 
Good topology for baking: Normal_Map_Modeling#Low-Poly_Mesh and Understanding averaged normals and ray projection/Who put waviness in my normal map? and Skew you buddy! Making sense of skewed normal map details. Use ReTopologyModeling to build the lower-resolution in-game model. Tip-Zero Effort Beveling for normal maps - the same trick. Smooth Edge Shading - legitimate technique? - using a shader trick to fake high-poly rounded edges. Speeding up highpoly hard surface workflow. Use just enough subdivisions to get a smooth surface at the baking resolution, and no more. If it's a subdivision surface choose an appropriate resolution. Sculpting tools like Zbrush create triangles smaller than the bake pixels, which will increase baking time significantly without actually improving the bake. If it's a sculpt reduce the vertex count to a manageable file size before exporting. 
Optimize the high-resolution model to speed up bakes, to avoid running out of RAM while baking, and to keep 3d file sizes manageable.DigitalSculpting and/or Subdivision Surface Modeling are the usual technique for building high-poly models for baking normal maps.A Practical Guide On Normal Mapping For Games has a detailed survey of normal mapping workflows.Texture Baking has the step-by-step workflow for baking textures from a high-resolution model onto a lower-resolution model.
In time this info will be condensed onto the wiki. See the following links for more information. These methods can also be used together.Ī normal mapped model, the mesh without the map, and the normal map alone.
There are two basic methods to create normal maps. However, the silhouette of the model doesn't change. This creates the illusion of more surface detail or better curvature. Each pixel of the map stores the surface slope of the original high-res mesh at that point. The red, green, and blue channels of the image are used to control the direction of each pixel's normal.Ī normal map is commonly used to fake high-resolution details on a low-resolution model. 3.5 Ambient Occlusion into a Normal MapĪ normal map is an image that stores a direction at each pixel.
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